Brassavola nodosa

A little Introduction

Figure 1: This picture shows Brassavola nodosa in the wild with its wide lip (labellium) and five tepals

The sweetly scented Brassavola nodosa (L.) Lindl. more commonly known as Lady of the Night orchid, belongs to the rather extensive Orchidaceae family, and is part of the Brassavola genus, which contains approximately 21 species. The majority of the Brassavola species grow on trees (epiphytic) with a few exceptions where they prefer growing lower down on rocks (lithophytic), (Schemske, 1980).

The species Brassavola nodosa is typically recognised by its very strong nocturnal fragrance but, compared with other orchid species such as those in the Cattleya genus, is a relatively small orchid. When found growing in its natural habitat it will usually grow in clumps, spanning between 40-50cm. This is when multiple shoots are produced which then forms a clump. However, more often there is only a single shoot produced with a single leaf.  This growth habit is referred to as symbiodal growth  (Murren & Ellison 1996).

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Manihot glaziovii & Manihot esculenta – Two shrubs with history

There are 98 known species of Manihot which are native to the neotropics, between Arizona and Argentina according to Rogers and Appan (1973). Manihot (often referred to as Cassava) are in the Euphorbiaceae family, also known as the spurge family, which contains 300 genera, and around 7,500 species. As well as Manihot, the family includes other important crop species such as Hevea brasiliensis, the rubber tree, and  Ricinus communis,  the castor oil plant.   The genus is made up of monoecious trees, shrubs, and herbs. Central Brazil has the highest diversity, of about 40 Manihot species. Most Manihot species grow in seasonally dry conditions, are sporadically distributed, and never become the dominant species (Rogers and Appan, 1973). Continue reading

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Cold tolerance for tropical species

The very cold weather we have had recently has coincided with the temporary failure of heating in the tropical greenhouse over the weekend (3 nights, 2 days).  The greenhouse is heated with a gas boiler supplying hot water to large iron pipes.  This traditional system generally keeps the greenhouse at about 10-15 degrees above ambient temperature however it does sometimes fail.  With this in mind the redesign included two large water tanks/ponds each holding about 7000 litres of rainwater to act as storage heaters in case of heating failure.  I’m pleased to record that the water in these tanks has not dropped below 12C even when the heating had failed and the air temperaturekept 3-5C  above freezing on a night when we suffered -4C outside.  While this chance experiment has shown the value of that design element I’m hoping we don’t get a repeat again this winter.

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Some new blogs are under development – detailed species accounts

During the Autumn Term our MSc Plant Diversity students are each drafting a detailed blog on one species that is being grown in the tropical glasshouse.  These blogs will be much more detailed and longer trials ur typical blogs and contain a review of research and other knowledge on a species.  The educational aims are to encourage them to report on their own observations of the living plant material, to help them produce a piece of public writing and to oblige them to be aware of copyright issues.   The blogs will be released from Christmas onwards.

Species to be covered in detail include Cyperus papyrus (Paper sedge), Pandanus amaryllifolius (Scented pandan) and Brassavola nodosa (Lady of the Night Orchid).

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Harlequin failure

After two weeks of waiting and checking on tiny mice it would appear that my attempt to initiate a bio control program using harlequin ladybirds has been a failure. The aphids are still high in numbers and happily feeding. Also there is no sign of the ladybirds around the plant each time that I have checked.

On the plus side I have noticed an increased number of mummified aphids, containing a larval parasitoid with in, on Cuphea ‘tiny mice’ . I have come to the conclusion that I should spray the plant with SB plant invigorator spray soon. This is because, although the parasitoids are helping to reduce the aphid levels, the plant is still highly infested so I feel I should actively remove them. The spray should have no effect on any larval parasitoids within the the mummified aphids, therefore any future parasitoids that will help protect the greenhouse will be unaffected.

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The time for waiting is over!

Over the past few months I’ve been coming in at ten day intervals to take counts of pests. Each week something has changed and the display is really coming together nicely. Along side these changes I’ve also seen how remarkably quickly pests can spread. The mealybug have really gone to town and have established themselves on at least 12 species in the glasshouse and even more remarkably, a big population of aphids seemed to just appear on the red flowered species ‘Tiny mice‘ between my last sample and the previous one. Continue reading

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Biological control – the common toad

Common toads (Bufo bufo) are frequent on our campus and one or two have a home in the tropical greenhouse.  They are fairly shy creatures that tend to hide under objects during the day and come out at night. The toad pictured here was found under a flower pot and is remarkably well camouflaged. Continue reading

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Leucaena leucocephala – White lead tree

Leucaena leucocephala is widely grown as an agroforestry species in tropical regions. In the 1970s and 1980s the tree was very widely planted as a forage tree legume and seen as a solution to many tropical agriculture problems as it was fast growing, nitrogen fixing, fairly drought tolerent and could be used for fodder, shading other crops and as firewood.  Its value was recognised by the Spanish colonists of the Americas who spread seeds fo the plant around the tropics. However the species soon became a weed and is now causing many problems by displacing native flora.  For more detail see the FAO Leucaena leucocephala web page. Continue reading

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Maranta arundinacea – Arrowroot

Arrowroot is a member of the Marantaceae commonly known for the ‘Prayer Plants’ which are grown for their decorative leaves.  In contrast M. arundinacea is grown very much for its starchy rhizomes, although there is a cultivar with variegated leaves. Continue reading

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Musa acuminata – Dwarf Cavendish Banana

It wouldn’t be a tropical plant display without a banana plant showing those huge luxuriant leaves.  Dwarf Cavendish bananas are low growing which makes them wind resistant when grown outside and means they fit under a greenhouse roof when grown inside.  Continue reading

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